ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of blood splash to the eyes of obstetricians during Cesarean section. By systemic random sampling, 213 cases of all Cesarean sections that performed during the 6 months period at Siriraj Hospital were enrolled in the study. Before and after the operation, benzidine test of the swabs taken from 128 and 123 pairs of the protective eyeglasses wared by the assistants were used to determine the presence of blood contamination. The incidence of blood splash to the protective eyeglasses of the operators and the assistants were 56.3% and 25.2% while 52.8% and 70.9% of the contaminated protective eyeglasses were undetected by the operators and the assistants. The factors influencing the incidences were the indications and the urgency of the operations. Because of the high rats of blood splash during cesarean section, obstetricians should were protective eyeglasses during the operation to minimize the risk of exposure to potentially infectious blood.
ABSTRACT
The study of menopausal symptoms leading women to attend the menopausal clinic at Siriraj Hospital was carried out between January 1993 and December 1994. These 310 women, with the mean age of 49.7+ 7.0 years, were interviewed. Surgical menopausal, natural menopausal and perimenopausal women were encountered in 40.6%, 31.3% and 28.1% respectively. The mean age of menopause, as recalled memory was 47.5+ 5.3 years. The three most common symptoms presented were hot flushes (46.8%), muscle/bone pain 34.5%), and nervous (24.8%) while the least common one was dry skin (2.6%). Symptoms, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05) encountered among the three groups were headache/dizziness which mostly presented among perimenopausal women (32.2%), vaginal dryness and dyspareunia which mostly presented among natural menopausal women (39.2% and 30.9% respectively).